What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition where the median nerve, which runs from the forearm to the hand through a narrow passageway called the carpal tunnel, becomes compressed or pinched.

The most common causes include repetitive hand motions, especially those involving wrist flexion, pregnancy, obesity, thyroid disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis. Trauma or injury to the wrist can also lead to carpal tunnel syndrome.

Symptoms include numbness, tingling, or burning sensations in the thumb and the index, middle, and ring fingers, which may worsen at night. There may be pain or discomfort in the hand, wrist, or forearm, and grip strength may be weakened.

Diagnosis involves a physical examination, assessing hand and wrist sensation, strength, and signs of nerve irritation. Provocative tests, such as the Phalen's test or Tinel's sign, may be performed. Electrodiagnostic studies can confirm the diagnosis.

Conservative treatment options include wrist splinting, to keep the wrist in a neutral position. Ergonomic modifications, rest breaks, and stretching exercises can help reduce stress on the median nerve. NSAIDs and oral steroids may be prescribed.

Interventional treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome include corticosteroid injections into the carpal tunnel to reduce inflammation and pressure on the median nerve. If conservative measures fail, carpal tunnel release surgery may be recommended.

The goal of treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome is to relieve symptoms, prevent nerve damage, and restore hand function. Conservative treatments can often manage mild to moderate cases effectively.

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