What is Osteoporosis?

What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density, leading to fragile and brittle bones that are more susceptible to fractures. It often affects the spine, hips, and wrists, but can occur in any bone.

The most common causes include age-related hormonal changes, calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medications. Genetics and certain medical conditions can also increase the risk.

In the early stages, osteoporosis often has no symptoms. As the condition progresses, symptoms may include back pain, loss of height, stooped posture, and an increased risk of fractures from minor falls or everyday activities.

Diagnosing involves a physical examination, medical history review, and bone mineral density tests, such as DEXA scans. Blood tests may also be ordered to check for underlying conditions or nutritional deficiencies.

Conservative treatment options include lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, quitting smoking, and limited alcohol intake. Medications may be prescribed to slow bone loss and reduce fracture risk.

Osteoporosis treatments include bisphosphonates, denosumab to slow bone loss, and anabolic medications to build bone density. For fractures, vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty can help. Regenerative therapies have also shown promise to help with treatment.

The goal is to prevent bone loss, reduce the risk of fractures, and maintain or improve bone density and strength. A combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and interventional procedures can help manage symptoms and preserve mobility.

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